The (pre-trial) right of inspection: excludable?

The new law of evidence, which came into force in early 2025, has already been the subject of extensive discussion and debate. One of the most striking changes is the introduction of the pre-trial right of inspection. This allows a party to request data – such as written documents and electronic information – from a counterparty or third party, without court intervention. In principle, the counterparty and third party are obliged to comply. Under former law, a party had the right of inspection only when granted by the court in legal proceedings. An as of yet unanswered question is whether and to what extent the (pre-trial) right of inspection can be excluded. In other words: can parties agree that they are not obliged to comply with a (future) information request?

The choice of forum in general terms and conditions in international B2B relationships: key considerations

In international business relationships, parties frequently opt to include a choice of forum clause in their agreements or general terms and conditions. This enables them to designate a specific court, such as a Dutch court, with exclusive jurisdiction to handle any disputes that may arise. Due to the significant implications of such exclusivity, a choice of forum requires an agreement, meaning that they must reach a genuine consensus on the choice of forum. Disputes frequently arise regarding the validity of a choice of forum clause, particularly when such clause is embedded in general terms and conditions. This article provides an overview of the requirements for establishing a valid choice of forum in general terms and conditions and concludes with practical tips for ensuring, as far as possible, the enforceability of such clauses.

The (pre-trial) right of inspection: excludable?

The new law of evidence, which came into force in early 2025, has already been the subject of extensive discussion and debate. One of the most striking changes is the introduction of the pre-trial right of inspection. This allows a party to request data – such as written documents and electronic information – from a counterparty or third party, without court intervention. In principle, the counterparty and third party are obliged to comply. Under former law, a party had the right of inspection only when granted by the court in legal proceedings. An as of yet unanswered question is whether and to what extent the (pre-trial) right of inspection can be excluded. In other words: can parties agree that they are not obliged to comply with a (future) information request?